Using A Computer Every Day - 1003 Words

Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on children. In recent years humanity has strongly developed its knowledge about computers. Furthermore, computers have become an essential part of people’s life, because it makes everything much easier. These machines can work instead of people and therefore replace workers doing tedious tasks, but that is not the only benefit computers have. For instance, they can also help people to unwind and relax in their spare time. Especially the younger generations tend to use them very often; surfing the internet or playing video ­games. Despite the fact that the computer can be used in a beneficial way, it has its disadvantageous as well. So, shall we consider these machines as a great invention, which effects in a positive way on people or as a passive virus, which poisons them  ­and especially children- every day? I would like to consider this complication from different points of view, taking into account its pros and cons. Initially, spending plenty of time in front of the computer screen can cause several health problems. As a matter of a fact, one of the most attractive pastime ways for children nowadays is playing computer games. It can be very problematic, because youngsters tend to be very addicted to it. As a result of this addiction, their minds can be â€Å"poisoned† strongly, since their bodies are still in a process of developing. According to research about brain activity of children,Show MoreRelatedComputer Is The Era Of It Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Computer is an electronic device used in almost every field even where it is most unexpected. That is why this age is called as the era of IT. And now we cannot imagine a world without computers. It is made up of two things one is the hardware and other is software. 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The average tablet contains anywhereRead MoreTechnology Accessibility Affect State Mandated Test Scores990 Words   |  4 PagesIn this article, the author discusses the benefits of using technology in the classroom and how the use of technology can increase student tests scores. The objective of the study was to answer the following two questions: How much of a difference would a classroom with technology accessibility affect state-mandated test scores and would student motivation and behavior change if they were able to readily use technology? As the author mentioned in the article, many studies have shown that schools

U.S. Army 8 Person Funeral Detail Free Essays

string(18) " in front of him\." 8 SOLDIER FUNERAL DETAIL COMPOSITION OF DETAIL C-12. The 8 man funeral detail normally consists of an OIC or NCOIC (depending on the rank of the deceased veteran), an NCOIC of the firing party, a five or six soldier firing party (who also act as pallbearers) and a bugler, if available. For this description there is an OIC of the funeral detail and an NCOIC of the firing party/pallbearers. We will write a custom essay sample on U.S. Army 8 Person Funeral Detail or any similar topic only for you Order Now DETAIL, WEAPONS ARE IN PLACE C-13. Weapons are pre-stacked in an appropriate position, in plain view, and a good distance from the gravesite. The firing party, acting as pallbearers, is pre-positioned along the roadside; awaiting the arrival of the hearse. The OIC is located where the hearse will stop. RECEIVING THE CASKET C-14. As the hearse approaches, the NCOIC orders the detail to â€Å"ATTENTION† and â€Å"Present, ARMS. † Once the hearse has passed the detail, the NCOIC calls the detail to â€Å"Order, ARMS† and â€Å"Parade, REST. † The OIC comes to attention and present arms as the hearse approaches his position. The OIC terminates his salute when the hearse comes to a halt. C-15. After the vehicle has come to a halt, the driver gets out and opens the rear door. The driver prepares the casket for movement to the gravesite by removing the stock. The driver pulls the casket to the rear of the hearse. The OIC, with a nod of his head, signals the NCOIC to move the pallbearers to the end of the hearse, three on each side, to remove the casket. The NCOIC marches the pallbearers into place, then orders â€Å"Mark time, MARCH;† â€Å"Detail, HALT† and â€Å"Center, FACE. † After the pallbearers are facing inward, the individuals closest to the casket will grasp the handrails and pull the casket from the hearse. Each pallbearer, in turn, grasps a casket handle as it reaches him. The OIC will render a hand salute while the casket is being removed. Moving the Casket C-16. On the NCOIC’s command of â€Å"Ready, FACE,† the pallbearers will execute the appropriate facing movements so that they are all facing the feet of the casket. The NCOIC orders the detail to â€Å"Forward, MARCH. † Led by the OIC, the pallbearers incline to the proper direction to move to the gravesite, ensuring the casket is level and feet first. Once the casket is over the gravesite, the NCOIC commands â€Å"Mark Time, MARCH,† and â€Å"Detail, HALT. † Once at the head of the gravesite, the OIC will come to render a hand salute until the casket is placed on the lowering device. To maintain uniformity the pallbearer NCOIC will command â€Å"Center, FACE. When pallbearers are facing center, the casket is set on the lowering device. After the casket is set down, the pallbearers come to attention and the OIC will drop his hand salute. MOVING TO THE WEAPONS C-17. On the command â€Å"Ready, FACE,† by the pallbearer NCOIC, the pallbearers all fa ce toward the head of the casket. The next command is â€Å"Forward, MARCH. † The pallbearers move from the gravesite to the location of the weapons. Just prior to reaching the stacked arms, the firing party NCOIC, and formerly the pallbearer NCOIC, gives â€Å"Mark Time, MARCH† and â€Å"Detail, HALT. The firing party NCOIC assumes their position and gives a â€Å"File from the Left, Forward, MARCH. † On the command â€Å"March† the firing party performs the proper movements to form a single file to the rear of the weapons. When the firing party are to the rear of the stacked arms, the NCOIC gives â€Å"Mark Time, MARCH† and â€Å"Detail HALT,† and the appropriate facing movement to face the rifles. Retrieving the Weapons and Conclusion of Religious Services C-18. The next command given is â€Å"Take, ARMS. † On the command of execution, the stack man secures the first two weapons. The left and right soldiers receive the weapons fro m the stack man. The left and right soldiers then pass the weapons to the outside soldiers. The stack man grasps his center weapon. The left and right soldiers step toward the stack and remove their weapons, returning to the position of Attention. Once the left and right soldiers retrieve their weapons, the stack man secures his weapon and comes to the position of Attention. Once all of the firing party is at Order Arms, the firing party NCOIC gives them â€Å"Parade, REST. † The firing party will remain at Parade Rest until the end of the religious services. Once the religious services are over, the Chaplain steps away from the casket. The OIC steps to the head of the casket and renders a hand salute. This is the signal for the firing party NCOIC to command the firing party â€Å"ATTENTION. † Firing of Honors C-19. After bringing the firing party to Attention, the NCOIC gives the command of â€Å"Ready. † At the command of Ready, each rifleman executes Port Arms, faces Half Right, and moves his right foot to the right ten inches. Each rifleman then chambers a round, places his weapon on Fire, and resumes Port Arms. When the firing party has completed the movements, the firing party NCOIC gives the command â€Å"Aim. On the command of Aim, the detail shoulders their weapons with the muzzles of the weapons at a 45-degree angle from the horizontal. When the NCOIC commands â€Å"FIRE,† the detail fires and returns to Port Arms. On the subsequent commands of â€Å"Ready,† each rifleman pulls and returns the charging handle of his weapon. After the third round is fired each rifleman resumes P ort Arms, and the firing party NCOIC commands â€Å"CEASE FIRE. † Each rifleman places his weapon on Safe, resumes the position of Order Arms, and faces Half Left. The firing party NCOIC then commands â€Å"Present, ARMS† for the playing of â€Å"Taps†. The bugler plays â€Å"Taps. † If a bugler is not available, one soldier is positioned to turn on the high quality recording (and is not part of the firing party). STACKING ARMS C-20. After â€Å"Taps†, the NCOIC brings the firing party to â€Å"Order, ARMS,† and then commands â€Å"Stack, ARMS. † On the command of execution, Arms, the stack man grasps the barrel of his rifle and places his rifle directly in front of him. You read "U.S. Army 8 Person Funeral Detail" in category "Papers" At the same time, the left and right soldiers grasp the barrels of their respective rifles, step toward the center and insert the muzzles through the sling loop of the stack man’s weapon. Both soldiers swing the butts of their rifles out and then down to the ground ensuring the stack is steady. The two outside weapons are then passed to the stack man, who adds them to the stack. RETURNING TO GRAVESITE OR SHELTER C-21. After Stack Arms is complete, the NCOIC moves the firing party two steps backward and gives the appropriate facing movement to have the firing party move back to the gravesite. From this position, the NCOIC will form the firing party in two columns by giving the command â€Å"Column of Two to the Right, MARCH. † Once in Column of Two formation, the NCOIC takes the last position, and gives â€Å"Forward, MARCH. The firing party marches to the gravesite along either side of the casket. Once at the gravesite the NCOIC gives â€Å"Mark Time, MARCH,† and â€Å"Detail, HALT. † The NCOIC gives â€Å"Center, FACE,† to ensure that all of the pallbearers are facing the casket. FOLDING THE FLAG C-22. After the pallbearers have faced the casket, they use their peripheral vision to take their cues from the NCOIC. As a unit, the pallbearers reach down and secure the flag. Once flag is secured, the detail folds flag. The flag is first folded with the lower stripe area over the blue field. It is then folded so that the folded edge meets the open edge. The triangular fold is started at the striped end and is continued until only the blue field remains. The flag margin is then tucked in and the flag is ready for presentation. PRESENTING THE FLAG. C-23. After the flag has been folded, it is passed down to the soldier closest to the right side of the OIC. This soldier executes a Half Left as the OIC executes a Half Right and the flag is then passed to the OIC at, chest level. After the pallbearer has passed the flag, he salutes the flag for three seconds then executes Order Arms. The soldier executes a Half Right as the OIC executes a Half Left and resumes their original position. At this time the pallbearers will leave the gravesite. The NCOIC commands â€Å"Outward, FACE,† (pallbearers face towards the head of the casket) and â€Å"Forward, MARCH. † Once the detail is out of the area, the OIC will present the flag to the next of kin or Chaplain, it next of kin is not available. The OIC recites the following passage: |†Ma’am (sir), this flag is presented on behalf of a grateful nation and the United States Army as a token of appreciation for your loved one’s | |honorable and faithful service. † | C-24. At the conclusion of the remarks and presentation, the OIC will render a hand salute and hold the salute for three seconds then assumes Order, Arms. OIC then executes marching movement and marches back towards the direction of the pallbearers. CONCLUDING THE CEREMONY C-25. The firing party returns to the location of the stacked arms in the same manner as before. When commanded to â€Å"Take, ARMS,† the party retrieves the rifles in the same manner as before. After retrieving the weapons, the NCOIC marches the detail away from the funeral site to clear and inspect the weapons. The firing party will police all of the brass after the service is over and the next of kin have left the area. The OIC is not required to escort the next of kin back to his/her vehicle. 2 SOLDIER FUNERAL DETAIL RECEIVING THE CASKET C-26. The OIC is located where the hearse will stop. The NCO is to the left of the OIC. As the hearse approaches, the OIC brings himself and the NCO to â€Å"ATTENTION† and â€Å"Present, ARMS. † The OIC gives the command of â€Å"Order, ARMS,† after the hearse has come to a halt. The funeral director is responsible for removing the casket from the hearse and placing it on the lowering device at the gravesite. When the casket is being removed from the hearse, the OIC commands â€Å"Present, ARMS. † Once the casket has cleared the peripheral vision of the OIC, then the OIC commands â€Å"Order, ARMS,† and â€Å"Parade, REST. † CONCLUSION OF RELIGIOUS SERVICES C-27. Once the religious services are over, the Chaplain steps away from the casket. The OIC commands â€Å"ATTENTION. † The OIC commands â€Å"Ready, FACE,† and the OIC and NCO face in the direction of the casket. OIC then commands â€Å"Forward, MARCH,† The OIC marches to the head of the casket, and faces the head of the casket, while the NCO marches to the foot of the casket facing the OIC. If a bugler is not available, the NCO moves to the device that will play the high quality recording of â€Å"Taps. † FOLDING THE FLAG C-28. The OIC gives the command to the NCO to secure flag. Once the flag is secure the bugler will play â€Å"Taps† and both the OIC and NCO execute Present, Arms. When â€Å"Taps† is complete, both the OIC and NCO execute Order, Arms. The OIC gives the command to side step march (just far enough to preclude the flag from touching the casket). Once the OIC and NCO have cleared the casket the OIC nods to begin folding the flag. NOTE: If a bugler is not available, once the casket is on the lowering device, the NCOIC will march to the recording device and wait for the Chaplain to conclude religious services. He will play â€Å"Taps† after the OIC is positioned at the head of the casket. When â€Å"Taps† is complete, the NCOIC will march to the foot of the casket and then assist in folding the flag. C-29. The flag is first folded with the lower stripe area over the blue field. It is then folded so that the folded edge meets the open edge. The triangular fold is started at the striped end and is continued until only the blue field remains. While folding the flag the NCO moves towards the OIC. The flag margin is then tucked in by the OIC and the NCO presents the flag to the OIC. Once the NCO presents the flag to the OIC, the NCO renders the hand salute and holds the salute for three seconds then executes Order, Arms. The OIC is ready for presenting the flag to the next of kin. PRESENTING THE FLAG C-30. After the flag has been folded and passed to the OIC, the OIC then moves in the direction of the next of kin and presents the flag to the next of kin while the NCO marches away from the gravesite. The OIC will present the flag to the Chaplain if the next of kin is not available. The OIC recites the following passage: |†Ma’am (sir), this flag is presented on behalf of a grateful nation and the United States Army as a token of appreciation for your loved one’s | |honorable and faithful service. † | C-31. At the conclusion of the passage and the flag presentation, the OIC will render a hand salute and hold the salute for three seconds then assumes Order, Arms. OIC then executes a marching movement and marches away from the gravesite. CONCLUDING THE CEREMONY C-32. The OIC is not required to escort the next of kin back to his/her vehicle. NOTES C-33. The meaning of the word gravesite also includes a committal shelter. The meaning of the word casket also includes a receptacle containing the cremated remains of the deceased. On windy days, the flag should already be anchored to the casket by the funeral director. If the flag is not secured, the detail will fold the flag immediately after placing the casket on the lowering device, then hand the flag to the OIC. d How to cite U.S. Army 8 Person Funeral Detail, Papers

Animal and Plant Cells free essay sample

Animal and plant cells PartFunction NucleusContains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell CytoplasmMost chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes Cell membraneControls the movement of substances into and out of the cell MitochondriaMost energy is released by respiration here RibosomesProtein synthesis happens here Extra parts of plant cells PartFunction Cell wallStrengthens the cell ChloroplastsContain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis Permanent vacuoleFilled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid Bacterial Cells A bacterium is a single-celled organism. A bacterial cell has a different structure to an animal or plant cell. It has cytoplasm, a membrane and a surrounding cell wall, but the genetic material in a bacterial cell is not in a distinct nucleus. Yeast Cells Yeast is a single-celled organism. Like bacterial cells, yeast cells have cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall. But unlike bacterial cells, yeast cells have a nucleus. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal and Plant Cells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Specialised cells Cells may be specialised for a particular function. Their structure will allow them to carry this function out. Here are some examples: Examples of the functions of cells CellFunctionAdaption Leaf cellAbsorbs light energy for photosynthesisPacked with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight. Root hair cellAbsorbs water and mineral ions from the soilLong finger-like process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area. Sperm cellFertilises an egg cell female gameteThe head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg. Red blood cellsContains haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells. Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily. Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin. Diffusion Dissolved substances have to pass through the cell membrane to get into or out of a cell. Diffusion is one of the processes that allows this to happen. Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration. Diffusion happens when the particles are free to move. This is true in gases and for particles dissolved in solutions. Particles diffuse down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is how the smell of cooking travels around the house from the kitchen, for example. Examples of diffusion Two examples of diffusion down concentration gradients LocationParticles moveFromTo GutDigested food productsGut cavityBlood in capillary of villus LungsOxygenAlveolar air spaceBlood circulating around the lungs Remember, particles continue to move from a high to a low concentration while there is a concentration gradient. In the lungs, the blood will continue to take in oxygen from the alveolar air spaces provided the concentration of oxygen there is greater than in the blood. Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar walls into the blood, and the circulation takes the oxygen-rich blood away. Photosynthesis Green plants absorb light energy using chlorophyll in their leaves. They use it to react carbon dioxide with water to make a sugar called glucose. The glucose is used in respiration, or converted into starch and stored. Oxygen is produced as a by-product. This process is called photosynthesis. Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity are factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis summary Photosynthesis is the chemical change which happens in the leaves of green plants. It is the first step towards making food not just for plants but ultimately every animal on the planet. During photosynthesis: †¢Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, a green substance found inchloroplasts in some plant cells and algae †¢Absorbed light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide (from the air) and water (from the soil) into a sugar called glucose †¢Oxygen is released as a by-product This equation summarises what happens in photosynthesis: Some glucose is used for respiration, while some is converted into insolublestarch for storage. The stored starch can later be turned back into glucose and used in respiration. Storage and use of glucose The glucose produced in photosynthesis may be used in various ways by plants and algae. Storage Glucose is needed by cells for respiration. However, it is not produced at night when it is too dark for photosynthesis to happen. Plants and algae store glucose as insoluble products. These include: †¢Starch †¢Fats and oils Use Some glucose is used for respiration to release energy. Some is used to produce: †¢Cellulose which strengthens the cell wall †¢Proteins such as enzymes and chlorophyll Plants also need nitrates to make proteins. These are absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions.

Concepts on Angola colonial rule

Introduction The history of Angolan self-assertion as an independent country after the colonial rule is not merely an Angolan phenomenon, but also the struggle for second liberation from the black colonial rule is also part of the larger story of the rising awareness of the black people to struggle for their dignity and self-fulfillment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concepts on Angola colonial rule specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Angola being one of African country that has experienced civil war even after the end of the colonial era, questions are now being asked whether the current post independence civil wars in Angola are attributable to the colonial rule. This can only be well answered if the history of Angola and the colonial rule in Angola is understood. Pre-colonial state in Angola Little can be said about Angola history before the sixteenth century, but what is known is that, it was inhabit ed by the Bushmen before the immigration of Bantu community to Angola. The Bantu community is believed to have migrated from somewhere in Cameroon to the present day land called Angola. The Bushmen were mare hunters and gatherers of wild animals and fruits whereas the Bantu people were iron smelters and farmers. The distribution of these native people was densely populated in the central Angolan region which lay in the southern reaches of Mbailundu, Wambu and northern Ngalangi at the same time, the eastern region such as Viye, Muschinda in southern Ngalangi were sparsely populated (Heywood and Thornton P. 214- 217). During this pre-colonial period the Bantu gained dominance in Angola resulting to the formation of ethic kingdoms. Notable was the Kingdom of Congo which was supreme kingdom with smaller kingdom units such as the Ndongo kingdom and Ovimbundu Kingdoms (Miller P.103). At this time, the first Portuguese arrived in Angola but they were just missionaries and explorers who wit h the assistance of these kingdoms spread the Christianity massage to the African natives. Some of these kingdoms continued to exist even after the arrival of the white settlers who later colonized Angola. Colonial period In early 1400, the white peasant arrived in Angola not only as explorers and Christian missionaries, but also as traders. During this time, the settlers mostly the Dutch and the Britons started doing some business with the native Angolans. Even though the Portuguese had arrived in Angola earlier than the Britons and the Dutch, they were just as explorers and missionaries but later on they started trading with the Angolans.Advertising Looking for research paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The scramble for the African resources by the Portuguese, Britons and the Dutch resulted to a conflict between them selves which later on gave birth to the Berlin conference of 1884 to solve the confl icting interest for resources not only in Angola but Africa at large. After the Berlin conference Angola was declared a Portuguese territory and it later colonized Angola for a period lasting 500 years. The arrival of Paulo Dais de Novias in Angola with his convoy of Portuguese families and solders, led to the start of Portuguese colonialism. The Portuguese created close alliance with the Kongo kingdom by offering fire arms, Christianity as well as other advanced technology equipment to the kingdom and in return they received slaves, minerals and ivory. As time passed by, the alliances between the Portuguese and the local kingdoms started to weaken as a result of the Portuguese participation in the local kingdom economic and political affairs. Some of the kingdom like the Ndogo Kingdom staged resistance to the colonial rule as the Portuguese used military force to safeguard their slave trade business which the kingdom was against (Bender P. 2-19). The effect of the slave trade was d isturbing the Angolans kingdom as most of able-bodied members of families were taken away as slaves, thus weakening the local community productivity and their administrative units to the colonial administrative structure; which fragmented the traditional power structures of the kingdoms and appointed trustworthy dummy leaders to those kingdoms. In 1836 after the abolition of slave trade, the Portuguese reverted to the use of forced labor in exploiting the Angolan land and natural resources. The Portuguese established their control over the Angolans’ labor force by commanding legislation that obliged the Angolans to work for the colonial government and ensured that the production of raw materials such as rubber and coffee was possible though the use of forced labor (Jill P. 260-265). Portuguese colonialism in Angola later seemed not to care about the local people social- economic development rather to exploit the Angolans’ natural resources for the benefit of the Portug uese and the locals were discriminated against some of the privileges the Portuguese enjoyed such as, Angolans went to poor schools in the missionary camps, poor heath services and no infrastructure was being developed by the colonies for the Angolans as compared to them, they had quality education and heath services. After the colonial masters heard the resentment of the local community for poor service delivery, and too much rebellion of forced labor in the white farms plantations which plunged the country into chaos in 1961, the government in Lisbon responded strongly by sending large numbers of troops to Angola to rein force their continued rule over Angola (Guus and Birmingham Para. 1- 10).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concepts on Angola colonial rule specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reforms were harried during this time to improve the provision of good education, good heath services by buildin g schools and hospitals, and the withdrawal of forced labor so as to appease Angolans. The oppression of the indigenous Angolans’ by the Portuguese rule, discrimination between the different categories of citizen and forced labor, resulted to the resistance to colonial rule which finally led to the up raising of nationalism movement for independence (Wheeler P. 1-22). The upraise of Angolans’ nationalism movements for independence After the Portuguese refused to withdraw the colonial rule from the Angolans’ in early 1960s, two nationalism parties were found to fight for independence which were the FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola ) and MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola). The MPLA had set its territory in the neighborhood of Luanda the homeland of Mbundu people and had the following from many other grouping in the urban centers as well as assimilated native Angolans and other sympathetic mixed-race group became part of the MPLA where as, the UNITA (Union for the Total Independence of Angola) became a voice of the third political tradition with a goal of fighting for economic rights formed by Jonas Savimbi after his dissatisfaction with the MPLA lack of military power and its dependence on the US (Miller P.103). The exploitation of the feelings of segregation of Angola’s largest tribal group under the leadership of Ovimbundu and Savimbi, led to built up of their own territory in the centre and south of Angola by conducting small guerrilla operations with the assistance of international community. During this time of nationalism, major military and political conflict between the Portuguese colonial rule and Angolan nationalist intensified which led to the ‘first Angolan war’ staged by the movements using the guerrilla tactics after the Portuguese had bloodily repressed a mass protest against colonial rule where hundreds of whites and thousands of black farm workers were killed. Thanks to the growing pressure from Portugal which indirectly brought to an end of this war in 1974 as none of the armed movements succeeded to stop the war. The Portuguese desire to maintain their colonial rule over Angola diminished as more fighting broke out in many parts of Angola not excluding the capital, Luanda, where the armies of the movements were expected to maintain tranquility with joint patrols (Wheeler P. 3-9 ). The pro-independence movements later on experienced some divisions among themselves as a result of ethnic identification of these movements to outsmart each other for political gains rather than expressing their original sentiments of oppression by the colonial rule.Advertising Looking for research paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The FNLA enjoyed the political and military support from African countries, China and the US but later some African countries defected to support MPLA which, though it suffered from internal conflicts and had a weak military, gradually it outmaneuvered the other movements politically and diplomatically to gain supremacy in early 1975. Under immense international pressure, the Portuguese and the three Angolan nationalism movements signed an accord in Alvor to end the colonial rule in which Portugal was to provide support for transitional government, a constitution, elections and independence. On 11th November 1975, Angola got its independence from the colonial masters with Agostinho Neto becoming the first president of the republic of Angola. However, this independence did not last for long as the country plunged in a civil war again (Chabal and Nuno P. 124 -170). Post- independence After independence from the colonial masters, the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) a nd Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) declared their own short-lived republics which were the Democratic Republic of Angola(DRA) and the Social Democratic Republic of Angola(SDRA) on 24th November 1975, but this marriage between the DRA and SDRA was short lived, as it dissolved in early the following year after independence. By the end of February 1976 the Angolan military with the help of Cuba, destabilized FNLA as Zaire came to the support of UNITA and the South African forces withdrew it support from UNITA but still the war continued. Some time later UNITA led by Jonas Savimbi got the support of the united state government and then took its military fight in the southern part of Angola to capture more territories under the government control, while the Angolan government was supported by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In 1979, Agostinho Neto died and he was succeeded by Josà © Eduardo dos Santos at the time when the United States and the Soviet Union qu arrel in Vietnam had come to an ended and Angola became an alternative place for them to continue their conflict with each side negating to help Angola end its civil war rather, they had their own specific interest to play out: their geo-political enmity. Zaire and South Africa continued to be the regional allies of the US, Congo aligned itself with the Soviet Union and Cuba gave military and civilian support to the MPLA (Marcum P.312). During this time, Diamonds and oil provided the government with the needed revenue to function as a government finance the ongoing war against Savimbi and maintain the high living standards of the Angolan elites. Angola country side became neglected and was left to its own survival strategies which forced people to flee to the towns as prospects in the urban canters seemed more attractive despite the encroachment to slums. South Africa again involved itself in the hunt of a newly found forces by the name South-West Africa People’s Organization in Southern part of Angola and soon it established grounds to give more support to UNITA movement, which gained control of more and more territory and as a result, FAPLA was not impressed by the South Africa move, hence it launched a strategy to fight and dismantle UNITA and its ally South Africa. In 1987, FAPLA with the help of by the Soviet Union launched some fights against UNITA but they did not succeed to defeat UNITA (Kibble P. 539-542). Instead FAPLA was defeated and later on Cuba intervened in the support of FAPLA to stop UNITA and South Africa advances, leading to the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale in1987. Angola and the united state went to talks for diplomatic solution of the civil war in June 1987 and later on Cuba was included in the negotiations in January 28, 1988 and South Africa joined the negotiations in March 9, 1988 which gave birth to the Tripartite Accord of December 22, 1988 sighed by Angola, Cuba and South Africa in which Cuba and south Africa withdrew their troo ps from Angola. The Bicese agreement in 1991 outlined for election process for an autonomous Angola with the United Nations acting as an overseer. After the elections were held, Josà © Eduardo dos Santos won with 48% of the total votes, against his opponent Jonathan Savimbi who garnered 41% of the total vote cast. Jonathan Savimbi rubbished the results and returned to war and a second peace agreement, by the name the Lusaka protocol was brokered in Lusaka, Zambia which got signed on November 20, 1994 by the two parties (Kibble P. 541-547). The peace agreement between the government and UNITA provided for the incorporation of former UNITA rebels into the government and other rebel groups in the military but it did not solve the problem because in 1995, localized fighting restarted again leading to the formation of a coalition government in April 1997. In late 1998, serious fighting broke out when Jonathan’s UNITA movement renewed the conflict for a second time, claiming that the MPLA was not fulfilling its mandate which forced the United Nations Security Council to vote on August 28, 1997 to impose sanctions against UNITA movement and gave the Angolan military a leeway to launch massive offensive operations to wipe out Savimbi’s conventional capacity and recaptured all major towns which were previously held by Savimbi’s forces, even though Angola remained in turmoil as Savimbi returned to guerrilla tactics. The civil war rendered many people to become internally displaced persons and thousands were killed, but the war came to an end when Jonathan Savimbi was killed in 2002 ( Talbot Para. 1-6). The Peace Process After the civil war In 2000, a commission comprising representatives from the Angolan government, UNITA, and the troika observer states comprising the Russia, Portugal and the United States; chaired by United Nation Secretary General’s Special Envoy in Angola, Professor Ibrahim Gambari was formed to direct the initial tasks n ecessary to set up a peace process as specified in the Lusaka Protocol of 1994. The commission was later dissolved in late 2002 and a new round-table for negotiations between the Government and UNITA was put in place whereby, the UNITA ministers were given some government post as outlined in the Lusaka Protocol. Also after agreeing to make some constitutional changes between the two parties and UNITA seemed no longer a threat to the national interest, the United Nation Security Council lifted sanctions against UNITA (Barry P. 551-568). After decades of war, Angola still faces many serious political challenges such as the humanitarian crisis, unaccounted weapons, Harassment and extortion by armed groups but the signing of the ceasefire opened way to large parts of the country for humanitarian aid after the United Nation appeal for emergency assistance from the donor community. However, Donor skepticism was high about the Angolan government not able fund it’s self yet, they are endowed with natural wealth which was able to give the needed humanitarian aid and build its infrastructure (Guus and Birmingham Para. 10- 16). Conclusion In conclusion, Angola underwent through many challenging occasions from the colonial oppression, civil wars instigated by the political elites at the expense of continued poverty facing the Angolans and to the present day, Angola is still faced with a lot of challenges which are not limited to humanitarian crisis, harassment by armed group and bad governance. Just like many African countries, Angola has been blaming on European community on its current woes. However these sentiments might hold ground, much to blame is the Angolans leadership since it has failed to deliver to its people rather they have engaged in fighting for the resources to enrich themselves at the expense of the impoverished citizens. The colonial government also played a key role in impoverishing the Angolans, starting from the slave trade which took away the able men and women for slavery to Brazil and Europe who could have assisted in nation rebuilding after the end of the colonial rule, stealing of the local resources to Portugal such as diamond minerals and agricultural raw materials to their industries in Europe without developing the Angola infrastructures during their rule also impoverished them further. Colonialism promoted tribalism in Angola by favoring the communities who were supporting the colonial government hence creating enmity among the local communities. The international community is also to blame for the challenges facing Angola right now. The involvement of the international community in Angola Civil war by the supporting the different warring groups is to blame. They should have put a united push for peace in Angola rather than supporting different fighting groups which led to a prolonged civil war because of individual interest of the international community and the warring groups. Recommendations The Angolans and African counties at large should rise up against individual partisan interest. They should strive to work with a common interest of serving their nations and give hope to its citizens. It’s all possible to heal and move forward even after the colonial period and the long civil war in Angola. At the same time, the international community must come to the rescue and assist Angola to reconstruct itself by providing the humanitarian aid to the still suffering Angolans and address for compensation for the oppressed Angolans due to the colonial rule. Works Cited Bender, Gerald. Angola under the Portuguese: the myth and the reality. University of California Press, 1978. Print. Barry, Munslow. â€Å"The Politics of Unsustainable Development in Angola: The New Politics of Corruption.† Third World Quarterly 20.3 (1999): 551-568. Print Chabal, Patrick and Nuno Vidal. Angola: The weight of history. Columbia University Press, 2008. Print. Heywood, Linda and Thornton John. â€Å"A frican Fiscal Systems as Sources for Demographic History: The Case of Central Angola, 1799-1920.† The Journal of  African History 29.2 (1988): 214-217. Print. Guus, Meijer and David Birmingham. â€Å"Angola from past to present.† 2004. Web. https://www.c-r.org/accord-article/angola-past-present Jill, Dias. â€Å"Black Chiefs, White Traders and Colonial Policy near the Kwanza: Kabuku Kambilo and the Portuguese, 1873-1896.† The Journal of African History 17.2 (1976): 245-265. Print. Kibble, Steve and Alex. â€Å"Angola: New Hopes for Civil Society?† Review of African  Political Economy 28.90 (2001): 537-547. Print Marcum, John. The Angolan Revolution: Exile politics and guerrilla warfare 1962-1976.  M.I.T. Press, 1978. Print. Miller, Joseph. â€Å"Angola before 1900: A Review of Recent Research.† African Studies  Review 20.1 (1977): 103 Print. Talbot, Ann. â€Å"The Angolan civil war and US foreign policy.† 2002. Web. https://www.wsws.o rg/en/articles/2002/04/ango-a13.html Wheeler, L Douglas. â€Å"Early Stirrings of Angolan Nationalism and Protest, 1822-1910: Angola Is Whose House?† African Historical Studies 2.1 (1969):1-22. Print. This research paper on Concepts on Angola colonial rule was written and submitted by user Sauron to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Compare and contrast the following two poems Essays

Compare and contrast the following two poems Essays Compare and contrast the following two poems Paper Compare and contrast the following two poems Paper Write an essay of 1500 words, in which you compare and contrast the following two poems: Samuel Taylor Coleridges Frost at Midnight and Joanna Baillies A Mother to her Waking Infant.  In comparing and contrasting the two poems, it is logical to firstly acknowledge the titles, and to think about how they shape the way we read, and how they set the readers expectations. Baillies title of A Mother to her Waking Infant is very clear and factual, and fully describes the stanzas that follow. The term of A Mother is quite impersonal, and alludes to the lack of emotion conveyed in the first four stanzas. It also leaves the reader with the impression that the poet isnt necessarily speaking about her own child. In direct contrast Coleridges title of Frost at Midnight does not hint at all that it is a poem about childhood, or that Coleridge is speaking about his own child. It does however, depict a romantic winter scene, and you feel that there will be a release of strong feelings to follow. The form and structure of the poems are very different. Frost at Midnight is written in four stanzas without rhyming, and A Mother to her Waking Infant is written in eight stanzas with regular rhyming. This gives the poems a very different meaning and effect.  Coleridge employs a conversational style, and he uses very personal and intimate language which enables the reader to conclude that he is describing his own situation. He points to my cottage, left me to that solitude and at my side my cradled infant slumbers. The regular use of enjambment draws the reader into the poem and adds to the conversational effect. The owlets cry Came loud and hark, again! Loud as before appeals to the reader to listen, and firmly gets your attention in the first three lines. Enjambment also helps to set the slow calm pace for example Tis calm indeed! So calm, that is disturbs and vexes meditation with its strange and extreme silentness. We can see the use of caesura in this line which creates a strong pause and also controls the pace. This technique is clearly identified in the poem by the words followed by exclamation marks in the middle of the sentences. In comparison Baillie uses the regular rhyming of aabbcc in seven out of the eight stanzas, and aabbccdd in the fifth and only eight line stanza. This rhyming effect is a balladic form and this is pointed to in line six by That I should sing of thee? and again in the final line by Thou dost heed my lay. Most of the lines comprise of eight metrical feet with the exception of the final line of each stanza which has seven metrical feet, this formally ends each stanza and leaves the reader to think about the meaning of the poem. The regular rhyming also controls the pace of the poem and helps to command the way we read. Poetic inversion is evident in the first stanza with, lip awry and chrystal spread which serves to maintain the consistent rhyming scheme. Baillie does not seem to identify with the feelings that belong to a parent; this is demonstrated by the lack of emotional language and empathy in the first four stanzas, like helpless thing! What do I see and shapeless limbs nor step nor grace. Her descriptions could be of any baby, and are quite ordinary and matter of fact. There does however seem to be a turning point in the fifth eight line stanza. Her language becomes softer with the use of warm, grace and kindness. The infant described by colours rosy cheek, pinky hand, and gold tipped ends brings the poem alive and the reader is at last presented with some powerful, vibrant images. The additional two lines indicate the turning point in the poem too.

Jhon Locke second treatise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jhon Locke second treatise - Essay Example While Locke presents a number of viable suggestions in regards to property ownership it is nevertheless to conduct a critical evaluation of the validity Locke’s postulations pertaining to property ownership and an assessment of the applicability of his arguments in modern property ownership. In Locke’s argument pertaining to property he argues that a person’s body happens to be his own property and any work that it undertakes is thus seen to essentially be owned by it. Locke postulates that by mixing labor with the various available resources availed by nature essentially causes results in the removal of these natural resources from common ownership and makes these resources our very own. He points out that this is the premise that is granted for property ownership as provided for in the bible and is in line with Adam’s means of obtaining dominion over the entire earth and its creatures (Locke Sec. 36). Locke’s use of the bible is seen to be an atte mpt to try and essentially justify his position on the general formula that was used in the acquisition of land. In my opinion this supposition as provided by Locke essentially makes sense as it is primarily through our own individual labor activity that we can be able to cause the various natural resources to obtain their innate true value. However in my opinion, I think that Locke did not take into careful consideration aspects such as communal labor that see individuals undertake a number of labor activities not for their own individual gain, but primarily for the benefit of the entire community. Locke also seem to overlook the fact that it is nowadays quite common for individuals to desire to own land not for their own mere self-gratification but primarily for ecological stewardship purposes where their attempts are mainly geared at the general conservation of nature. To some extent, Locke’s position can arguable seen to not be justifiable as although the original premise of land acquisition in which the entire world was according to Locke America and there was a lot of land which was seemingly unowned, and hence the acquisition of land by an individual did not in any way tend to infringe on another individual’s capacity to acquire land as there was no evident scarcity of land to own (Locke Sec. 36), this supposition can be seen to not hold true in the modern day world as the rapid population increase that has been experienced around the world has caused there to be numerous persons across the world who despite their engagement in labor activities, still cannot be able to own any land or own any housing property. This is despite there being some individuals happen to own thousands of acres of land or various properties that remain vacant for very long stretches of time without having any human habitation. It is primarily in respect to this that I strongly support the argument that the current unequal possession of the earth has essentially be en imposed by most men by those that happen to be stronger than them. My current perception is that if all men were to be granted equal opportunity and resources, all men would desire to and eventually own land. Locke points out that money has been of great aid in the promotion of the unequal and disproportionate possession of the

The basic principles of MR image production Essay

The basic principles of MR image production - Essay Example In this essay, safety issues and hazards of MRI will be discussed and methods for safe imaging will be explored through review of suitable literature. MRI is a "way of obtaining very detailed images of organs and tissues throughout the body without the need for x-rays or "ionizing" radiation. Instead, MRI uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves, rapidly changing magnetic fields, and a computer to create images that show whether or not there is an injury, disease process, or abnormal condition present" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010). MRI has turned out to be an excellent investigation tool because of it ability to provide good contrast between various tissues in a particular region. For example, in the brain, a good contrast is provided between white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (Diwadkar and Keshavan, 2002). The technology of MRI mainly employs 3 components for imaging and they are pulsed radio-frequency fields or RF, high static magnetic field and time-varying gradient electromagnetic fields or EMF (Roboman et al, 2006). For the purpose of MR imaging, the patient is placed in a "large, tunnel or doughnut-shaped dev ice that is open at both ends" (Patient-Safety MRI, 2010) (Refer Figure-1). The examination causes no pain or tissue injury, although loud noises are heard during the procedure. There is also a risk of mechanical injury due to ferromagnetic objects kept in the scanning room unintentionally. The main hazards concerned with magnetic fields are interactions with the equipment and interactions with human tissue. As far as human tissue interactions are concerned, the most worrisome interactions are with blood flow, ears and cardiac cycle (De Wilde et al, 2007). The main safety issues which are of concern on exposure to high static magnetic field are are both mechanical and biological effects and their consequences. In clinical MRI scanning, the strength of magnets used range between